Integrative analysis of prognostic long non-coding RNAs with copy number variation in bladder cancer / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Copy number variations (CNVs), which can affect the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are important genetic changes seen in some malignant tumors. We analyzed lncRNAs with CNV to explore the relationship between lncRNAs and prognosis in bladder cancer (BLCA). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels, DNA methylation, and DNA copy number data of 408 BLCA patients were subjected to integrative bioinformatics analysis. Cluster analysis was performed to obtain different subtypes and differently expressed lncRNAs and coding genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify the co-expression gene and lncRNA modules. CNV-associated lncRNA data and their influence on cancer prognosis were assessed with Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Multi-omics integration analysis revealed five prognostic lncRNAs with CNV, namely

Diagnosis and treatment of congenital pulmonary airway malformation / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of congenital pulmonary airway malformation in children.Methods The clinical data of 68 children with congenital pulmonary airway malformations from June 2014 to June 2017 were analyzed retrospectively,including 39 males and 29 females with mean age(1.1 ±:0.5) years old(from 2 months 12 days to 15 years),7 cases of pulmonary cyst resection in 68 cases,3 cases with lung segment resection,1 cases with lingulectomy,57 cases with lobectomy.Results 68 cases were cured and discharged without death.Postoperative short-term complications included subcutaneous emphysema in 5 cases,pleural effusion in 2 cases,pneumothorax in 2 cases.All cases were followed up well between 3 months and 1 year.Conclusion The diagnosis of congenital pulmonary airway malformation in children mainly depends on imaging examination.Because it is easy to repeat infection,and can not rule out malignant transformation,early diagnosis and early treatment should be done.Surgical resection is the only way to treat the disease.

Characteristics of clinical drugs for elderly chronic heart failure complicated with different degrees of renal insufficiency

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of clinical therapeutic drugs in elderly chronic heart failure [CHF] patients complicated with different degrees of renal insufficiency

Methods: The elderly patients who were hospitalized from October 2010 to October 2015 in our hospital due to CHF for the first time were selected by means of retrospective case collection. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated by using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [MDRD] Study equation. The patients were divided into a group with normal renal function, a group with slight decrease in renal function, and a group with moderate and severe decrease in renal function. Statistical analysis was made to compare the characteristics of clinical drugs for the three groups

Results: Compared with the normal renal function group and the slight decrease group, ACEIs and beta-blockers were less used in the moderate and severe decrease group, but diuretics and spironolactone were more used [P<0.05]. Compared with the normal renal function group, the use rate of ACEIs was low whereas that of diuretics was high [P<0.05]

Conclusion: ACEIs and beta-blockers were barely employed to treat elderly CHF patients complicated with renal insufficiency, but diuretics and spironolactone were frequently utilized

Different prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance between hyperinsulinemic and normoinsulinemic subjects / 中华内科杂志

Objective To study the impact of different insulin levels on the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),through analysis of different glycometabolism condition among quinquagenarian population.Methods Subjects enrolled were Beijing habitants who received annual physical examination [ including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTI) ] in the Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2005-2007.According to the OGTT results,the subjects were divided into three groups,including normal glucose tolerance-non-hyperinsulinemia group (NGT-NHIns),IGT-hyperinsulinemia group (IGT-Hins) and IGT-non-hyperinsulinemia group (IGT-NHINS).The prognosis between the year 2009 and 2010 of the three groups was observed.Hyperinsulinemia was diagnosed with fasting serum insulin ≥ 15 mU/L and/or 2-hour serum insulin ≥ 80 mU/L after glucose loading.Results The rate of case number of conversion to T2DM in IGT-NHIns group (42/133) was higher than that in IGT-Hins group (24/154) or NGT-NHIns group (12/126).The HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMAIR) of individuals with IGT-NHIns was lower than that of IGT-Hins [ 0.96 (0.40,3.53 ) vs 2.04 (0.59,23.20),P ＜ 0.05 ],while whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) was higher than that of IGT-Hins [ 7.48 (3.20,31.35 ) vs 3.28 ( 0.86,7.67 ),P ＜ 0.05 ].Modified β-cell function index ( MBCI ) and insulin secretion index (ISI) in IGT-NHIns was poorer than that of IGT-Hins respectively [ 2.57 (0.58,10.98) vs5.17(1.04,65.09); 7.66 (0.99,28.40) vs 17.56 (4.18,96.46),allPvalues ＜0.01].Conclusions The risk of IGT-NHIns progressing into T2DM is higher than that of IGT-Hins. For the prevention of T2DM,individuals with IGT-NHIns should be paid more attention than keeping an eye on IGT-Hins patients.Early control of risk factors could protect β cell function and prevent the progression to T2DM.

The clinical characteristics and trend of conversion to type 2 diabetes mellitus of individuals with normal glucose tolerance-hyperinsulinemia / 中华内科杂志

Objective To study the outcomes and influencing factors of the conversion from normal glucose tolerance -hyperinsulinemia (NCT-HINS) to diabetes in the population of a community in Beijing.Methods All the subjects investigated received 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes screening carried out in May, 2006 and May, 2008. Data were calculated to analyze the outcomes and influencing factors of the conversion. HINS was diagnosed if fasting serum insulin & 15 mIU/L and/or 2-hour serum insulin after glucose loading ≥ 80 mIU/L Results The prevalence of NGT-HINS in the community in 2006 and 2008 was 5.28% and 8.67% (P<0.01) respectively and that of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) was 3.52% , 6.56% in 2006 and 4.42% ,6.47% in 2008.The probability of the conversion from NGT-HINS to IGR and DM was 18.6% and 2.3% , being much higher than that from normal glucose tolerance- normoinsulinemia (NGT-NINS) (5.4% and 0.7% , P <0.01). However, the probability of the conversion from NGT-HINS to DM was 2.3% , which was much lower than that from IGR (26.3% , P <0.01). The reason might be that individuals with NGT-HINS had a higher waist circumference, BMI, fasting plasma glucose, 2 h plasma glucose and TG but a lower HDL-C than individuals with NGT-NINS in 2006. The HOMA β-cell function index/HOMA insulin resistance index (HBCI/IR) of individuals with NGT-HINS was much lower than that of individuals with NGT-NINS, but much higher than that of individuals with IGR. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, TG and HBCI/IR were the major influencing factors of the conversion from NGT to glucose metabolic disorders.Conclusions The probability of conversion from NGT to DM was increased remarkably when HINS was diagnosed. The reason might be that individuals with NGT-HINS suffered more metabolic risk factors and had a decreased β-cell function. Therefore, individuals with NGT-HINS should be paid attention to in diabetes prevention study.

High glucose augments stress-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Hyperglycemia has been identified as one of the important factors involved in the microvascular complications of diabetes, and has been related to increased cardiovascular mortality. Endothelial damage and dysfunction result from diabetes; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the response of endothelial cells to stressful stimuli, modelled in normal and high glucose concentrations in vitro. Eahy 926 endothelial cells were cultured in 5 mmol/L or 30 mmol/L glucose conditions for a 24 hour period and oxidative stress was induced by exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or tumour necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), following which the protective effect of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone was assessed. Apoptosis, necrosis and cell viability were determined using an ELISA for DNA fragmentation, an enzymatic lactate dehydrogenase assay and an MTT assay, respectively. High glucose significantly increased the susceptibility of Eahy 926 cells to apoptosis in the presence of 500 μmol/L H2O2, above that induced in normal glucose (P<0.02). A reduction of H2O2- and TNF- α -induced apoptosis occurred in both high and low glucose after treatment with dexametha-sone (P<0.05). Conclusion high glucose is effective in significantly augmenting stress caused by H2O2, but not in causing stress alone. These findings suggest a mechanism by which short term hyperglycemia may facilitate and augment endothelial damage.

Isoflavone genistein protects high glucose-induced human aortic endothelial cell apoptosis through estrogen receptor-mediated pathway / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Objective The aim of this study was to determine if isoflavone genistien has protective effects against high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in human aortic endlthelial cells,and investigate the possible mechanism for this protection.Methods Human aortic endothelial cells subjected to normal (5mmol/L) or high glucose (25mmol/L) were treated with genistein at 0,50,100nmol/L.Parallel experiments were performed with 100nM 17b-estradiol,and also in the presence and absence of the pure anti-estrogen ICI-182,780 (100nmol/L).The effects on cell apoptotic DNA fragmentation were determined using cell death ELISA,and the effects on cellular proliferation were determined using tritiated thymidine incorporation assay.Estrogen receptor expression was detected by Taqman quantitative PCR.Results Genistein at 100nmol/L significantly reduced high glucose-induced DNA fragmentation,and reversed cell DNA synthesis inhibition (P＜0.001) after 24 hours' incubation.The effect of genistein was completely blocked by ICI-182,780administration.Estrogen receptor beta,but not alpha was found to be expressed in these cells.Conclusion Isoflavone genistein shows protection against high glucose-induced cell damage through estrogen receptor beta,reducing apoptotic DNA damage and protecting from the inhibition of cell proliferation.

Silencing of Bcl-2 gene expression by siRNA transfection inhibits the protective effect of fluvastatin against cell apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Objective To study the protective effect of fluvastatin,one of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins),against oxygen radical-induced oxidative damages in human aortic endothelial cell,and the role of Bcl-2 in this protection.Methods Human aortic endothelial cells with or without Bcl-2 siRNA transfection were subjected to 1-100 nM of fluvastatin and 100 la hydrogen peroxide for 24 hours.Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression were measured by Taqman quantitative PCR and Western blotting.Cell apoptosis was measured by normal and fluorescent microscopy and Cell Death Detection ELISA.Results In the Bcl-2-expressed cells,fluvastatin significantly reversed hydrogen peroxide-induced microscopic apoptosis and apoptotic DNA fragmentation,which were accompanied by a markedly upregulation of Bcl-2 expression by fluvastatin.However,the endothelial protection by fluvastatin was completely lost in Bcl-2 siRNA transfected cells.Conclusion Fluvastatin protects human endothelial cells against oxygen radical-induced cell apoptosis in vitro,and this protection seemed to be mediated in a Bcl-2 dependent pathway.(J Geriatr Cardil 12008;5:33-38)